Bd Railway

shaping Behavior of Bangladesh line In Social Issues Organization Behavior of Bangladesh Railway An Assignment ON Organization behavior Submitted To Dr. Syeda Lasna Kabir abetter _or_ abettor Professor Dept. of Public Administration University of Dhaka. Submitted By Md. Rajvi Hasan Roll No MM098 4th Year 7th Semester Dept. of Public Administration University of Dhaka. Submission participation 16th May 2011. Assignment topic A Research on Bangladesh Railway pic ? Introduction pathways & Railways portion is ace of the strategic variablenesss in the Government to a lower place the Ministry of Communication.Ministry of Communication comprises cardinal Divisions, 1. Roads & Railways Division and 2. connect Division. Roads & Railways Division shoulders a vast task and plays a lively role in socio-economic development of our country. It governs the incisions/Organizations which ar playing actually important roles in building our raw nation. These are (1) Roads & Highways Department (RHD), (2) Bangladesh Railway, (3) Bangladesh Road air Authority (BRTA), (4) Bangladesh Road Transport corporation (BRTC), (5) Dhaka Transport Co-ordination Board and (6) The office of the Government Inspector of Bangladesh Railways (GIBR).The principal motto of this Division is to ensure improvement of socio-economic condition of the people of our country through formulating policies regarding roadways, road transports and railroad lines and through construction, development, expansion and maintenance of environment-friendly and user-friendly integrated roads and railway transportation. Bangladesh Railway (BR) is the state- throwed rail transport come alongncy of Bangladesh. It operates and maintains the entire railway net profit of the country.Railway operation in todays Bangladesh began on November 15, 1862 when 53. 11 kilometers of 5ft6in(1,676mm) ( free judge) line were gift for traffic between Darsana and Jagiti. The next 14. 98 kilometers 1,000mm(3ft33? 8in ) (meter gauge) line was opened for traffic on 4 January 1885. In 1891, the construction of soce Bengal Assam Railway was taken up by the British Government assistance exactly that was tardyr on taken over by the Bengal Assam Railway Company.On 1 July 1895, two sections of meter gauge lines were opened between Chittagong and Comilla, a continuance of 149. 89 kilometers and between Laksam and Cahndpur, a length of 50. 89 kilometers. Railway Companies organise in England took up the construction and operation of these sections in middle and late 19th century. At time of the partition of India in 1947, Bengal-Assam Railway was cleave up and the portion of the system, close 2,603. 92 kilometers fell within the border of then East Pakistan and arrest remained with the cardinal Government of Pakistan.Later with the effect from 1 February 1961, Eastern Bengal Railway was renamed as Pakistan Eastern Railway. Then in 1962, the sustain of Pakistan Eastern Railway was transferred fr om the Central Government to the Government of East Pakistan and fixed under the management of a Railway Board with the effect from the monetary year 1962-63 by the presidential Order of 9 June 1962. As of 2005, the nub length of railroad is 2,855 kilometres.Of that, 660km are blanket(a) gauge tracks (mostly in the western region), 1,830km are metre gauge tracks (mostly in the central and eastern regions) and 365km are dual gauge tracks The gauge puzzle is universe tackled by adding third rails to the most important broad and metre gauge routes, so that they become dual gauge. A major(ip) road-rail bridge at Jamuna opened in 1998 to connect the previously gratuitous east and west rail net wreaks. On March 2008, the broad gauge r separatelyed Dhaka, the national capital. Funding is being sought to upgrade the network and shift Bangladesh Railway into a profitable business.BR exceeded its tar hire revenue earnings in the fiscal year 2007-2008. Bangladesh Railway provides vario us types of works ranging from shuttle service for university students to freight and cargo service. But keep mum BR could not doctor profit as it is providing services to the nation at a subsidize rate in order to help the countrys economy and for the ease of people. aim The accusives of this study are 1) To understand & evaluate the discussion sectionalization of the BR. 2) To know the Spam of cut back system of this brass section. 3) To analyze the applicability of the theory of Job Specialization in this selected organization.Rationale of the study We puzzle to overview the interior coordinating chemical mechanism, internal environment & the technology, age and the size of the organization. Because without knowing these features we batht evaluate an organizations hierarchy, efficiency, working environment in true sense. Research Question The questions which eitherow lead us to the research 1. How does the span of swan will work in BR? 2. What is the departmental ization of BR? 3. How job differentiation is occurred? Hypothesis On which the research are base on 1. If it is a bureaucratic mental synthesis then the job specialization, departmentalization will be strict. . If it is a matrix structure, then job specialization, departmentalization will be much flexible than the previous one Research Methodology 1. Content Analysis which is most common system for all types of research. The related books, publications, newspapers, internet sources etc have given information more or less the total scenario of the organization. 2. I have interviewed few officials to understand the situation of that org. empyrean of focus The expanse we are focusing on Bangladesh Railway cope Office, Top khana, Dhaka. And, Bangladesh Railway Administrative Building,Kamlapur, Dhaka. Limitations of the study 1. I had very brusk time to complete this study. 2. I did not have enough obtain to do such studies. 3. As the data are collected from aboriginal informan ts at their working hours, there is adventure of not receiving exact accurate information 4. I faced non cooperation from somewhat of the employees. Chapterization 1. Introduction The railway department is a semi-autonomous organization under the The Ministry of communications. This study intends to find out the internal coordinating mechanism, how does it cope with the external environment.The whole system of communication, tasks, coordinating mechanism prevails around organizational structure. Job specialization & departmentalization are the two rattling features of organization. And these two are greatly depended on that. If it follows a bureaucratic structure, then the job specialization & departmentalization will be as rigid as the bureaucracy. And if it follows a matrix structure, then it will be more open to the environment. 2. Theoretical Framework In this study, we will try to define these with the following theories Job SpecializationThe method of job specialization involves breaking use up a task to its lowest level and designing jobs around severally part. This creates specialization, expertise, and improved quality. Job specialization design in the workplace is a great deal seen in manufacturing and assembly lines where a worker focuses on one item task and ability during the entire work shift. The task frequently repeats all day long. Specialization is the process of playacting a certain task which makes a person be in margeed in performing other activities out of work she/he is specializes purposely.Job descriptions are written statements that thread the duties, responsibilities, most important contributions and outcomes call for from a position, required qualifications of rout outdidates, and Reporting alliance and coworkers of a particular job. Job descriptions are based on objective information obtained through job epitome, an understanding of the competencies and skills required to accomplish claimed tasks, and the ne eds of the organization to produce work. Job descriptions clearly identify and cristal out the responsibilities of a unique(predicate) job.Job descriptions also include information about working conditions, tools, equipment used, knowledge and skills needed, and coitusships with other positions. The best job descriptions are living, subsisting documents that are updated as responsibilities change. The best job descriptions do not limit employees, but rather, cause them to stretch their experience, grow their skills, and develop their ability to bear within their organization. Departmentalization Departmentalization refers to the process of radical activities into departments.Division of labor creates specialists who need coordination. This coordination is facilitated by grouping specialists together in departments. The main types of departmentalization are- Functional departmentalization Grouping activities by functions performed. Activities can be grouped according to functi on (work being done) to pursue economies of scale by placing employees with shared skills and knowledge into departments for casing human resources, IT, accounting, manufacturing, logistics, and engineering.Functional departmentalization can be used in all types of organizations. Product departmentalization Grouping activities by mathematical product line. Tasks can also be grouped according to a specific product or service, thus placing all activities related to the product or the service under one conductor. Each major product area in the corporation is under the authority of a senior manager who is specialist in, and is responsible for, everything related to the product line. LA Gear is an example of company that uses product departmentalization. Its structure s based on its varied product lines which include womens footwear, childrens footwear and mens footwear. Customer departmentalization Grouping activities on the nucleotide of common customers or types of customers. Jobs whitethorn be grouped according to the type of customer served by the organization. The hypothesis is that customers in each department have a common eagerness of problems and needs that can best be met by specialists. The sales activities in an office supply firm can be broken heap into three departments that serve retail, wholesale and government accounts. Geographic departmentalization Grouping activities on the basis of territory. If an organizations customers are geographically dispersed, it can group jobs based on geography. For example, the organization structure of Coca-Cola has reflected the companys operation in two broad geographic areas the North American sector and the international sector, which includes the Pacific Rim, the European Community, Northeast Europe, Africa and Latin America groups. Process departmentalization Grouping activities on the basis of product or service or customer flow.Because each process requires different skills, process departm entalization allows homogenous activities to be categorized. For example, the applicants might need to go through several departments namely validation, licensing and treasury, before receiving the drivers license. crossbreed of control The span of control refers to number of employees that outright enshroud to a single manager. Span of control determines the structure of an organization, a shrink span of control results in hierarchal organization while broad span of control leads to flat structure.Since management runs the activities that do not directly result in fecundness, they are rather a overhead, span of control determines the additional operational cost. Quantitatively,company wide of the mark overhead can be calculated by dividing the total number of management staff with the size of organization. Span of control formulation What is an optimal ratio of manger to direct reports without compromising the productivity? It is a fundamental problem in designing the structu re of an organization empirically this range is pretty wide, from 4 to 22 depending upon the nature of work.In 1933, V. A. Graicunas, a paris based consultant formulated the span of control based on number of direct and indirect relationships that a superior has to manage. Graicunas set three types of relationships 1. snatch of direct relationships between manager and subordinate, it represents the span of control. 2. Number of peer-to-peer relationships, it represent issues due to interpersonal conflicts. Note that each pair of peers represent 2 relationships and not 1, if there are two subordinates, shaft of light and jane, dick might have different concern for jane than janes concern for dick.Hence for a manger, they represent 2 different set of problems and not one. 3. Data analysis data presentation Bangladesh Railway is one of the most efficient huge departments of GOB. Since the Department was founded the size of the major rail network in Bangladesh has grown. The Depar tment is headed by a director General who is supported by a number of officers. The total number of personnel in the Department is intimately 35,000. Its a huge number for any organization. To control this amiable of large organizations, one needs to have very strong Span of control or line of authority. BR has that. pic After independence, the railway was counterbalance supervised by a Railway Board which was abolished in 1982. Thereafter, the BR came under the jurisdiction of the Railway Division of the Ministry of Communications with the Secretary of the Division working as the Director General of BR. In 1995, instead of being the part of the Ministry, BR came under control of a professional Director General supervised by the Bangladesh Railway Authority that is chaired by the look of Communications. As the part of the Bureaucracy, BRfollows the BURREAUCRATIC STRUCTURE, which refers to the Tall Organization.According to the concept it is appropriate for bureaucratic Organiza tions. But, it causes some disadvantages too. DEPARTMENTALIZATION can be described as grouping employees on the basis of the similarity of expertise, knowledge. It enhances the success rate of an organization. As BR is a huge organization, its divided into several departments on the basis of the similar functions. BR is divided into two regulates, East West, each under control of a general manager who is accountable to the Director General of Bangladesh Railway. The two zones have their separate departments or operation, maintenance, and finances. Each zone is divided into two divisions that deliver departments for Personnel, Transportation, Commercial, Finance Mechanical, Way and Works Signaling Telecommunication, Electrical, Medical, etc. Each zone also has its Workshop Divisions, located at Pahartali and Saidpur, respectively. A locomotive shop is located at Parbatipur for broad and metre gauge locomotives. BR manages its own Railway Training Academy. A separate Directorate u nder the Ministry of Communications is charged to inspect different works of BR in relation to safety.Job Specialization is the process of performing a certain task which makes a person be in limited in performing other activities out of work she/he is specializes purposely. It enables employees to become very skilled productive at their assigned task. Another motive of departmentalization is to ensure job specialization. It is unremarkably seen that every department of an organization is assigned to those functions or tasks at which they are expert. The downside of job specialization tends to be that people can only do one task. They arent trained to multitask or handle multiple areas of a workplace.As a result, when a critical expertise is lost, the process can suffer. Additionally, workers under job specialization dont have a wide array of applicable skills, so it becomes hard for them to adapt to a new function or need in the organization. It creates monopoly this means after specialization certain field of work may lead into boredom to the worker. economic administration of BR is also hindered by lack of rules and regulations that have been O.K. by the Board but are awaiting Government approval as well. Which creates delay to the recruitment process. ConclusionRemoving the experienced shield, the whole world is intending to get more modernized. But still we are following the hundreds years old Bureaucracy system which has caused nothing but losses. Being a Bureaucratic organization or part BR is no different. They are still following the tralatitious bureaucratic model with no flexibility. Everything in the organization prevails according to the law regulation. Job specialization or departmentalization is fixed. They cant work out of it, even in an emergency. There is little chance for the subordinates to present their ideas or opinions by crossing seniors.They maintain a very strict line of authority, where managers have the supreme authority. Thi s may be the traditional bureaucratic role. But it has to change according to the needs of this millennium. As resembling the private organizations RHD officials should be given more freedom, authorization to take accelerated decision. Only then the organizational goal of customer satisfaction can be achieved. Reference 1. http//www. railway. gov. bd 2. Class lectures 3. Railway Information book 4. Mr. Ahsanullah Bhuiyan, alternate Director, Bangladesh Railway. 5. Mr. Sarwar Alam, Asstt. Commercial Officer, Bangladesh Railway. pic